Democracy Battery (ESS)
24-item instrument assessing democratic values and evaluations. Twelve normative items measure importance of democratic features; twelve paired evaluative items assess how well each feature describes the respondent's own country.
Purpose
Self-report research instrument, reproduced here under an open license for non-diagnostic educational, research, and self-reflection use.
Details
Administration
Self-Administered
Intended Use
Research
Limitations: Imported from the OpenScales open item-bank project. This specific digital implementation has not been independently clinically validated by PsiQ — scores are for self-reflection, research, and educational purposes only.
License: CC BY-SA 4.0. Citation: Ferrín, M., & Kriesi, H. (Eds.). (2016). How Europeans view and evaluate democracy. Oxford University Press; European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC), ESS Round 10/11 Source Questionnaire.
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