Scale Overview & Construct
4-item scale measuring a challenged or eroded sense of belonging — feeling you have no place in the world, are not participating with others, feel torn between worlds, or feel disconnected from those around you. Validated with refugee and asylum-seeker samples, but applicable to anyone experiencing displacement or disconnection.
Purpose & Measurement Objectives
Instrument Specifications
Academic Citation & Instrument Provenance
When referencing this instrument in research, academic theses, or clinical institutional audits, please cite the original author publication:
Governance, Boundaries & Ethical Use
Imported from the OpenScales open item-bank project. This specific digital implementation has not been independently clinically validated by PsiQ — scores are for self-reflection, research, and educational purposes only. The response scale direction was normalized to this platform's standard ascending agree/disagree convention (Strongly Disagree → Strongly Agree) with weights re-mapped accordingly, since the source instrument used a reversed convention.
License: CC BY 4.0. Citation: Fuchs, L. M., Jacobsen, J., Walther, L., Hahn, E., Ta, T. M. T., Bajbouj, M., & von Scheve, C. (2021). The Challenged Sense of Belonging Scale (CSBS) — A validation study in English, Arabic, and Farsi/Dari among refugees and asylum seekers in Germany. Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences, 3, Article e11035. This is not a diagnostic tool.