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Research Instrument Substance Use // CAGE

CAGE Questionnaire

4-item screening tool for potential problem drinking (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener).

Purpose Details Scientific Documentation Limitations Related

Purpose

Self-report screening instrument, reproduced here for non-diagnostic educational and self-reflection use.

Details

Who It's For
Adults
Age Range
18+
Administration
Self-Administered
Intended Use
Research

Scientific Documentation

Developer / Author
Ewing, J. A.
Development Year
1984

Theoretical framework: 4-item screening questionnaire for problem drinking (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener).

Reliability: Widely replicated screening performance across decades of clinical use.

Validity: Validated against clinical diagnoses of alcoholism; one of the oldest and most widely used brief alcohol-screening tools.

References: Ewing, J. A. (1984). Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE questionnaire. JAMA, 252(14), 1905-1907.

Limitations: Imported from the OpenScales open item-bank project. This specific digital implementation has not been independently clinically validated by PsiQ — scores are for self-reflection and educational purposes only, and are not a diagnosis.

License: CC BY 4.0 (original scale Public Domain). Citation: Ewing (1984), JAMA, 252(14), 1905-1907. This is not a diagnostic tool.

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