Political Efficacy Battery (ESS)
4-item measure of political efficacy from the European Social Survey core module, covering external efficacy (2 items) and internal efficacy (2 items).
Purpose
Self-report research instrument, reproduced here under an open license for non-diagnostic educational, research, and self-reflection use.
Details
Administration
Self-Administered
Intended Use
Research
Limitations: Imported from the OpenScales open item-bank project. This specific digital implementation has not been independently clinically validated by PsiQ — scores are for self-reflection, research, and educational purposes only.
License: CC BY-SA 4.0. Citation: Balch, G. I. (1974). Multiple indicators in survey research: The concept "sense of political efficacy". Political Methodology; European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC), ESS Round 10/11 Source Questionnaire.
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