Scale Overview & Construct
4-item measure of political efficacy from the European Social Survey core module, covering external efficacy (2 items) and internal efficacy (2 items).
Purpose & Measurement Objectives
Instrument Specifications
Academic Citation & Instrument Provenance
When referencing this instrument in research, academic theses, or clinical institutional audits, please cite the original author publication:
Governance, Boundaries & Ethical Use
Imported from the OpenScales open item-bank project. This specific digital implementation has not been independently clinically validated by PsiQ — scores are for self-reflection, research, and educational purposes only.
License: CC BY-SA 4.0. Citation: Balch, G. I. (1974). Multiple indicators in survey research: The concept "sense of political efficacy". Political Methodology; European Social Survey European Research Infrastructure (ESS ERIC), ESS Round 10/11 Source Questionnaire.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Political Efficacy Battery (ESS)?
4-item measure of political efficacy from the European Social Survey core module, covering external efficacy (2 items) and internal efficacy (2 items).
How long does the Political Efficacy Battery (ESS) take?
It takes about 2 minutes to answer all 4 questions. You can go at your own pace.
Is this test free, and is it available in Hindi?
Yes, it is free with a PsiQ account. The questions and answer options are available in English, Hindi and Hinglish.
Can this test diagnose a condition?
No. Online self-report scales are for self-reflection, education and research, not diagnosis. If you are worried about your mental health, please speak to a qualified mental-health professional.